Code to Handle alert, window and iframe in Selenium

This post was most recently updated on June 14th, 2019

SwitchTo() Functions are used to handle alert, browser window and iframe.

driver.switchTo() functions are used to handle alert window, new tab or new window in browser and iframe within html document.

Refer below table for switchTo functions and their uses:

switchTo functions	Uses
driver.switchTo().frame(index);	Switch focus to iframe element using index of iframe in html document.
driver.switchTo().frame(“iframe_name”);	Switch focus to iframe element using name of iframe
driver.switchTo().frame(webElement);	Switch focus to iframe element using name of WebElement object.
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();	Switch focus to parent iframe element.
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();	Switch focus to main html document.
driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);	Switch focus to new window using window handle string
driver.switchTo().alert();	Switch focus to alert window or message box.
driver.switchTo().activeElement();	Switch to currently focused web element within html document

ActiveElement

Using this we can perform actions on currently focused element.

driver.switchTo().activeElement() → Used to find and perform action on current focused element.

Code:

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");
		WebDriver driver;
		ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();
		cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
		driver=new ChromeDriver();
		
		//Navigate to www.google.com
		driver.get("https://www.google.com");	
		// use driver.switchTo().activeElement() to switch focus on search input box.
		driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys("Search new text");
		//Perform TAB press to change focus. Now it will be on Voice search.
		driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
		//Perform TAB press to change focus. Now it will be on google search button.
		driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
		//Perform click on google search button.
		driver.switchTo().activeElement().click();
		//Find web element which contains search result count
		WebElement searchResults = driver.findElement(By.id("resultStats"));
		//Print search result count
		System.out.println(searchResults.getText());
		//Close chrome browser window
		driver.quit();
	}
}

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver;

ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();

cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");

driver=new ChromeDriver();

//Navigate to www.google.com

driver.get("https://www.google.com");

// use driver.switchTo().activeElement() to switch focus on search input box.

driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys("Search new text");

//Perform TAB press to change focus. Now it will be on Voice search.

driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys(Keys.TAB);

//Perform TAB press to change focus. Now it will be on google search button.

driver.switchTo().activeElement().sendKeys(Keys.TAB);

//Perform click on google search button.

driver.switchTo().activeElement().click();

//Find web element which contains search result count

WebElement searchResults = driver.findElement(By.id("resultStats"));

//Print search result count

System.out.println(searchResults.getText());

//Close chrome browser window

driver.quit();

}

Alert Window

driver.switchTo().alert() → Used to change focus from current active window to alert message box.

Code:

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");
		WebDriver driver;
		ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();
		cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
		driver=new ChromeDriver();
		
		//Navigate to https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/
		driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/");
		
		//find Alert & Model Link
		WebElement alertAndModelLinks=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[@id='treemenu']//li[a[.='Alerts & Modals']]/a"));		
		alertAndModelLinks.click();	//click Alert & Model Link
		
		//find Javascript Link
		WebElement javascriptLinks=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[@id='treemenu']//li[a[.='Javascript Alerts']]/a"));
		javascriptLinks.click();//click javascript Link
		
		//find button which opens alert box
		WebElement simpleAlertBox=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='panel-body']/button[@onclick='myAlertFunction()']"));
		simpleAlertBox.click(); //click on button
		
		//use driver.switchTo().alert(); 
		Alert alert=driver.switchTo().alert();
		
		//use below four functions based alert
		alert.accept(); // -> accept(i.e click on button which is used for confirmation like OK)
		//alert.dismiss(); -> to dismiss
		//alert.getText(); -> read text from alert message
		//alert.sendKeys("What is your Name?");	-> Pass data to alert message
		//perform get text for other elment after accepting alert message
		WebElement alertType=driver.findElement(By.tagName("h3"));
		
		//Print text from web page
		System.out.println(alertType.getText());
		
		//Close chrome browser window
		driver.quit();
	}
}

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver;

ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();

cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");

driver=new ChromeDriver();

//Navigate to https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/

driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/");

//find Alert & Model Link

WebElement alertAndModelLinks=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[@id='treemenu']//li[a[.='Alerts & Modals']]/a"));

alertAndModelLinks.click(); //click Alert & Model Link

//find Javascript Link

WebElement javascriptLinks=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ul[@id='treemenu']//li[a[.='Javascript Alerts']]/a"));

javascriptLinks.click();//click javascript Link

//find button which opens alert box

WebElement simpleAlertBox=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='panel-body']/button[@onclick='myAlertFunction()']"));

simpleAlertBox.click(); //click on button

//use driver.switchTo().alert();

Alert alert=driver.switchTo().alert();

//use below four functions based alert

alert.accept(); // -> accept(i.e click on button which is used for confirmation like OK)

//alert.dismiss(); -> to dismiss

//alert.getText(); -> read text from alert message

//alert.sendKeys("What is your Name?"); -> Pass data to alert message

//perform get text for other elment after accepting alert message

WebElement alertType=driver.findElement(By.tagName("h3"));

//Print text from web page

System.out.println(alertType.getText());

//Close chrome browser window

driver.quit();

}

Browser window

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) → Used to change focus from current active window to new opened window.

Code:

import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");
		WebDriver driver;
		ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();
		cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
		driver=new ChromeDriver();
		
		//Navigate to http://demo.automationtesting.in/Windows.html
		driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/Windows.html");
		String mainWH=driver.getWindowHandle(); //Store current window handle into a mainWH variable		
		//find button
		WebElement clickBtn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a/button[contains(text(),'click')]"));		
		clickBtn.click();	//click on button to open new window
		
		Set<String> windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles();
		for (String windowH : windowHandles) {//iterate all window handles
			if(!windowH.matches(mainWH)) { //if not matches then set that window handle as current window handle
				driver.switchTo().window(windowH);//perform switch
			}
		}
		System.out.println("After Switch: "+driver.getTitle());
		driver.close();// close popup window
		driver.switchTo().window(mainWH);//change foucus to main window again and continue further.
		
		System.out.println("MAIN WINDOW Title After Switch To original: "+driver.getTitle());	
		//Close chrome browser window
		driver.quit();
	}
}

import java.util.Set;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver;

ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();

cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");

driver=new ChromeDriver();

//Navigate to http://demo.automationtesting.in/Windows.html

driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/Windows.html");

String mainWH=driver.getWindowHandle(); //Store current window handle into a mainWH variable

//find button

WebElement clickBtn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a/button[contains(text(),'click')]"));

clickBtn.click(); //click on button to open new window

Set<String> windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles();

for (String windowH : windowHandles) {//iterate all window handles

if(!windowH.matches(mainWH)) { //if not matches then set that window handle as current window handle

driver.switchTo().window(windowH);//perform switch

}

System.out.println("After Switch: "+driver.getTitle());

driver.close();// close popup window

driver.switchTo().window(mainWH);//change foucus to main window again and continue further.

System.out.println("MAIN WINDOW Title After Switch To original: "+driver.getTitle());

//Close chrome browser window

driver.quit();

}

IFrame within HTML Document

driver.switchTo().frame(index) → Used to change focus to iframe within current web page content using no of iframe
in page.
driver.switchTo().frame(name) → Used to change focus to iframe within current web page content using iframe name attribute value.
driver.switchTo().frame(webElementObject) → Used to change focus to iframe within current web page content using iframe webElement.
driver.switchTo().parentFrame() → Used to change focus to parent iframe i.e. to outer iframe.
driver.switchTo().defaultContent() → Used to change focus to normal web page.

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");
		WebDriver driver;
		ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();
		cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
		driver=new ChromeDriver();
		
		//Navigate to http://demo.automationtesting.in/Frames.html
		driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/Frames.html");
		//find and click on button for iframe
		//Main WebPage -->  Outer IFrame --> Inner IFrame --> Outer Frame(Again) --> Main WebPage
		WebElement multiFrame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='#Multiple']"));
		multiFrame.click();
//__________________________________________________________
				
		//FIRST(Main WebPage -->  Outer IFrame) : -> Find outer iframe using index and perform operation on element within that iframe
		//1. switch focus to iframe using index of iframe on webpage
		driver.switchTo().frame(1); 
		//read any element within frame
		WebElement divClass=driver.findElement(By.className("container"));
		System.out.println(divClass.getAttribute("class"));
		
		//2. switch focus to iframe using name
		//driver.switchTo().frame("iframe_name_Attrib_value"); not use in this script
//___________________________________________________________	
		
		//SECOND : -> Find inner iframe using WebElement and perform operation on element within that iframe
		//3. switch focus to iframe using webelemnt
		//used Web Element to find child iframe within iframe
		WebElement iframeElement=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@src='SingleFrame.html']"));		
		driver.switchTo().frame(iframeElement);
		//Perform action on element in inner iframe
		WebElement intput=driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));
		intput.sendKeys("Text Entered");
//___________________________________________________________
		
		//THIRD(Inner IFrame --> Outer Frame(Again)) : -> Return to Outer FRAME using parentFrame()
		driver.switchTo().parentFrame();
		//getAttribute on child iframe could only after switch to parent iframe only
		System.out.println(iframeElement.getAttribute("src"));
//____________________________________________________________
				
		//Fourth(Outer Frame(Again) --> Main WebPage) : -> switch to main web contain
		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
		System.out.println("MAIN WINDOW Title After Switch To original: "+driver.getTitle());	
		//Close chrome browser window
		driver.quit();
	}
}

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class SeleniumMain {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver;

ChromeOptions cOptions=new ChromeOptions();

cOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");

driver=new ChromeDriver();

//Navigate to http://demo.automationtesting.in/Frames.html

driver.get("http://demo.automationtesting.in/Frames.html");

//find and click on button for iframe

//Main WebPage --> Outer IFrame --> Inner IFrame --> Outer Frame(Again) --> Main WebPage

WebElement multiFrame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='#Multiple']"));

multiFrame.click();

//__________________________________________________________

//FIRST(Main WebPage --> Outer IFrame) : -> Find outer iframe using index and perform operation on element within that iframe

//1. switch focus to iframe using index of iframe on webpage

driver.switchTo().frame(1);

//read any element within frame

WebElement divClass=driver.findElement(By.className("container"));

System.out.println(divClass.getAttribute("class"));

//2. switch focus to iframe using name

//driver.switchTo().frame("iframe_name_Attrib_value"); not use in this script

//___________________________________________________________

//SECOND : -> Find inner iframe using WebElement and perform operation on element within that iframe

//3. switch focus to iframe using webelemnt

//used Web Element to find child iframe within iframe

WebElement iframeElement=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@src='SingleFrame.html']"));

driver.switchTo().frame(iframeElement);

//Perform action on element in inner iframe

WebElement intput=driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));

intput.sendKeys("Text Entered");

//___________________________________________________________

//THIRD(Inner IFrame --> Outer Frame(Again)) : -> Return to Outer FRAME using parentFrame()

driver.switchTo().parentFrame();

//getAttribute on child iframe could only after switch to parent iframe only

System.out.println(iframeElement.getAttribute("src"));

//____________________________________________________________

//Fourth(Outer Frame(Again) --> Main WebPage) : -> switch to main web contain

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

System.out.println("MAIN WINDOW Title After Switch To original: "+driver.getTitle());

//Close chrome browser window

driver.quit();

}

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Code to Handle alert, window and iframe in Selenium

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